2Pw(Own Experience)-v

Because the student largely learns from and is mentored by researchers "who 2Pw=learned to work out the basic processes of their field from the same concrete models" there is seldom disagreement over fundamental v=values . Men whose research is based on shared paradigms are committed to the same rules and standards for scientific practice. A shared commitment to a paradigm ensures that its practitioners engage in the paradigmatic observations that its own paradigm can do most to explain. Paradigms help scientific communities to bound their discipline in that they help the scientist to create avenues of inquiry, formulate questions, select methods with which to examine questions, define areas of relevance and establish or create meaning. A paradigm is essential to scientific inquiry - "no natural history can be interpreted in the absence of at least some implicit body of intertwined theoretical and methodological belief that permits selection, evaluation, and criticism".

Thus paradigms are not created by personal experiences, and scientific#2 driven revolutions take place place as collective EXPERIENCES! Inquiry begins with a random collection of "mere facts" (although, often, a body of beliefs is already implicit in the collection). During these early stages of inquiry, different researchers confronting the same phenomena describe and interpret them in different ways. In time, these descriptions and interpretations entirely disappear. A pre-paradigmatic school appears. Such a school often emphasizes a special part of the collection of facts. Often, these schools vie for pre-eminence.

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