| | F8: Soccer's Apprentice
VIII) The Response to Crisis
instigated by some scientists#2, a
Soccer's Apprentice
, begins with the
F8=presence in the
present
awareness by acknowledging that a crisis exists and loosens theoretical stereotypes and provides
the incremental data
necessary for a fundamental paradigm shift. Normal science does and must continually strive to bring
theory and fact into closer
agreement. The recognition and acknowledgement of anomalies result in crises that are a necessary
precondition for the
emergence of novel theories and for paradigm change. Crisis is the essential tension implicit in scientific
research. There is no such
thing as research without counterinstances. These counterinstances create tension and crisis. Crisis
is always implicit in research
because every problem that normal science sees as a puzzle can be seen, from another, viewpoint,
as a counterinstance and thus as
a source of crisis .
top
next stage
|